Access to Medicines in Developing Countries Essay

One of the appalling statistics that came out of a survey in 2000 was the percentage of the HIV/AIDS infections in Africa. It was reported that nearly 80% of the total number of affected people was from this continent. Now if this report sounds dreadful, one might get a bigger shock by looking at the picture of modern healthcare methodologies in Africa. Despite being a developing nation, Africa gets scarcely one percent of modern drugs. The value of all medical drugs transported to Africa amounts to the expenses spent on advertising by the leading pharmaceutical companies in the United States of America. Under the light of this reality, this paper is going to discuss the genuine scenario in developing countries that don’t have an affordable access to life-saving medicines. It might be noted that access to medicines is a fundamental human right, and there is a yawning gap between crisis and cure in a capitalistic social setup. Due to increased political pressure, many drug manufacturing companies have been forced to review their business strategies and produce medicines that are relatively less expensive. Moreover, it is also mandatory to formulate a well-organized delivery system that would ensure a proper and timely delivery of the medicinal goods to Africa and other Third World countries. Modern healthcare remedies are needed to be deployed in order to combat the menace of HIV and other diseases in the underprivileged tropics. (â€Å"Access to Medicine in Developing Countries†, 2000) Access to medicine in developing countries has always been a matter of great disputation, mainly because of the convoluted interaction between macroeconomic development, patterns of diseases and healthcare requirements and provisions. It has been an inescapable paradox for many countries where the national economic status can only be attained by improved health status. Hence, lack of supply of life-saving drugs hinders the scope and opportunity of national healthcare. (â€Å"Improving Access to Medicines in Developing Countries†, 2005) The impoverished countries find it a mammoth task to meet both ends successfully. It has been proposed that only a large scale international funding can inject some fruitful results in the context of healthcare and economic boost. The World Health Organization (WHO) and the World Trade Organization (WTO) are working together to provide the best possible framework for improved health status as well as the macroeconomic development of developing nations. WTO is primarily concerned with the organized growth of a capitalist, free market global economy. On the other hand, WHO is focused on improving health conditions by providing healthcare models that can be applied to both developed as well as developing nations. Institutional and public sector frameworks play a crucial role in realizing the objectives of WHO to the best possible extent. The newly incepted Global Health Fund is working relentlessly to provide remedies for HIV/AIDS, TB and Malaria. The Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS agreement) are held, in some cases, as obstacles for access to essential medicines in developing countries. Ever since WTO finalized the TRIPS agreement in April 1994, this issue has been a matter of great debate. The main problems in accessing medicines, as viewed by experts, are the increasing expenses, which can shoot up to 66% of total expenditure in developing nations. Today’s scenario as far as having access to essential medicines is concerned is an alarming one, with more than one-third of the world’s population are deprived of indispensable drugs. According to the WHO, developing countries, especially those in Asia and Africa, must be provided with an all-encompassing solution in terms of health priority problems, and they must be able to gain access to life-saving medicines at an affordable deal. To make matters worse, the poorer section of societies in developing countries find themselves all at sea due to their inability to physically access life-saving drugs. So both availability and affordability are the key areas of concern. Now under these circumstances, the introduction of strong and worldwide product patents for drugs, as implemented through the TRIPS agreement, may cause drastic increase in prices for essential medicines. The ‘legal monopoly’ that comes with such rigid patent system prevents anybody from producing, selling or distributing medicines in an unauthorized manner. Even if there is no patent laws, access to medicines is going to be a problem for the developing countries, due to adequate purchasing capabilities and required infrastructure. Majority of the medicines for HIV/AIDS are still under ‘live’ patent coverage. It doesn’t make for affordable access to such medicines either. And since more than 95% of HIV/AIDS affected people are from developing countries, and 50% of them belong to the productive age group of below 25 years, serious socio-economic consequences are perceived with very little signs of relief. Before TRIPS were put to effect, most developing countries and some developed countries did not impose patent laws on medicines even if they were manufactured with innovative technological aids. But today, most of these nations being WTO members have to enforce the patent laws laid down by TRIPS. This has led to hike in prices of patented medicines. It is worth noticing that even under the TRIPS guidelines, patents are to be given only on applications received from 1995 onwards for new therapeutic inventions. So any medicine manufactured before 1995 should not be unaffordable for the developing nations. Manufacturers of the newer and more innovative pharmaceutical products file for patents only in countries where business of piracy runs rampant. Parallel import of drugs is another important issue that came into consideration after the TRIPS agreement. The Intellectual Property Rights owners of specific brands of medicines face problems when goods, legally distributed in the market of one country, are imported to another without the necessary legal authorization. Now, as long as there is no discrepancy in Intellectual Property Rights in two different countries, article 6 of TRIPS defends parallel import. But considering the economic side of such imports, it might be noted that price of the same medicine in one country may rise or fall to a great extent in another. So developing countries, without violating the Intellectual Property Rights protection, may find a way out to access essential but expensive drugs from its neighboring countries. (Watal, J. 2000) In addition to what is discussed above, one must bear in mind the supply side process concerning manufacture and distribution of medicines. The specific issue related to accessibility to medicines is directly linked with the development and implementation of more efficient and cost-effective measures in manufacturing and distributing drugs. A number of speculative theories and ideologies have been put forward to address the issue of maximizing the available resources to achieve a standardized health status around the globe. However, the aim of this paper is not to get into a particular ideological standpoint, or to promote distinct solutions, but to gain a deeper insight into the real constraints of manufacturing and distributive activities. One has to take into account the diverse theoretical concepts, the macroeconomic environment of international economics and technological nuances of the pharmaceutical sectors. Once we identify the constraints, it will be easier to suggest feasible solutions in terms of easy and regular access to medicines for the developing countries. The policies adopted by pharmaceutical companies are worth taking a look at.

Do Soap Operas reflect life in the 21st Century? Essay

Soap operas are very popular. All ages watch soaps, from young children to retired grandparents. People are interested in soaps because they reflect life in the 21st century. They reflect life in the 21st century by making the characters seem real and by making he setting like an average town or part of town. I think that soaps are popular because they offer a chance for people to escape from the real world. Soaps make peoples problems seem small. People think that their problems can never be as bad as peoples problems in soaps because characters in soaps have such extreme problems which makes people feel a little better about themselves. Another reason that people like soaps is because it conveys society in a dramatic way, they cut out all of the small talk and everyday routines which nobody is interested in. Most people are interested in other peoples business and know that soaps aren’t real. The way soaps are made give it some reality so watching soaps is the same as knowing other peoples business but soaps mix the extreme with everyday life. As the soap characters problems are dramatic and usually major, people become absorbed into the story and soaps usually finish with a cliffhanger, which leaves you with half a story so that you will have to watch the next episode(s) to find out how the story ends. Soaps have many different characteristics, which are peculiar such as the fact that the show is ongoing; the only repeats are on channels such as UK gold. The characters have peculiar characteristics too. The characters are extreme. They are extremely nice people in soaps and then there are evil people. The characters also forget things very quickly. Things that happened two months ago aren’t mentioned now. Soaps are like a microcosm, the problems are bigger than usual and more focused on. The characters problems are also never ending, as soon as one ends another begins or a new problem arises at the worst possible time. Compared to a drama there are no central characters, a few peripheral characters, and the setting is always the same, there is no travelling outside the setting. I think that soaps for fill a social purpose because when people watch sops they know that they don’t want some of the things that happen on soaps to happen to them. People may subconsciously receive messages about life, for example teenage pregnancy. If a teenager has seen the consequences of unsafe sex perhaps they won’t make the same mistake. On the other hand people may think that things that happen in soaps can never happen to them. The language in Eastenders tries to be realistic. Because it is a soap this is impossible to make it the same as real life speech. The reasons for this are time and the fact that it would make the soaps boring. People in soaps don’t talk about the weather because it’s not what people want to hear. Characters in soaps don’t stutter or hesitate because it wastes time as there is only half-hour to squeeze everything in. Characters don’t swear as much as they would in real life because of the time it is shown. The way soaps try to be realistic is by using some slang, having background noise and the use of accents although some accents are obviously put on, It also isn’t very realistic because speech is very structured. Everybody has immediate responses in soaps and that isn’t how the real world works. Different soaps are aimed at different people but generally speaking soaps are aimed at teenagers and families. I can tell this because of the times soaps are shown at, the characters in soaps and the issues in soaps. There are all sorts of characters in Eastenders and issues about teens and about adults. It is on after people get home from work but before children go to bed. This information shows that Eastenders is a family soap. Soaps change with the times so I can see changes in soaps in the future. Soaps change because the world changes. The big issues in the world are reflected in soaps so as the world’s problems change, soaps change. Soaps can also teach us morals such as things can only get better. Characters in soaps are strong teaching us to be strong. When bad things happen to bad characters its showing us that people get their just desserts. I think that soaps can’t really affect our lives unless you are easily influenced but it can affect our lives in the way I mentioned earlier. It can make us more aware of problems and make us not want to be in that situation. Since working on this my attitude towards soaps has changed a little. I’m not a big fan of soaps but doing this essay has made me a little interested in soaps. This may be because I’m more aware of what goes on in soaps. In my opinion soaps do reflect life in the 21st century because they have the same problems as real life people but it isn’t realistic because if it were too real people wouldn’t be interested. This is why the characters are more extreme and why there are a lot more problems for one character than in real life.

Architecture and Programming model of 8086

Architecture and Programming model of 8086 Intel 8086 is a 16 bit integer processor. It has a 16-bit Data bus and a 20-bit Address bus. Since 20-bit address lines are available that provide up to 1MB of storage. It consists of a powerful instruction set which makes it possible to carry out different operations easily.It supports 2 modes of operation, Maximum (multiple processors can be used) and Minimum (Single processor is used).Architecture of 8086 The internal architecture of 8086 is divided into 2 units, Bus Interface Unit (BIU) and Execution Unit (EU).A diagram of the architecture is shown below.Bus Interface Unit (BIU)BIU takes care of all data and address transfers on the buses for the EU like sending addresses, fetching instructions from the memory, reading data from ports, writing data into the memory ports and lastly it also generates the memory addresses. The EU and the BIU are connected by the Internal Bus.The BIU has the following functional parts: Instruction Queue- the BIU uses the concept of pipelining. This means while the current instruction is being executed the BIU gets up to 6 bytes of the next instruction (prefetching) and stores them in the instruction queue. Once execution is complete, the instruction queue is ready to provide the next instruction set which is simply read and executed. This results in increased execution speed. Instruction Pointer- It is a 16-bit register used to hold the address of the next instruction to be executed. Segment Register BIU has 4 segment buses, i.e. CS, DS, SS ES. It holds the addresses of instructions and data in memory, which are used by the processor to access memory locations. CS It stands for Code Segment. It is used for addressing a memory location in the code segment of the memory, where the executable program is stored. DS It stands for Data Segment. It consists of data used by the program and is accessed in the data segment by an offset address or the content of other register that holds the offset address. SS It stands for Stack Segment. It handles memory to store data and addresses during execution. ES It stands for Extra Segment. ES is additional data segment, which is used by the string to hold the extra destination data. Execution Unit (EU)EU gives instructions to BIU stating from where to fetch data, decode it and finally execute it. Its function is to control operations on data using the instruction decoder and ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit). The data on which the operations are performed is brought in using the BIU.The EU has the following functional parts: ALU- It handles all arithmetic and logic operations, like +, -, Ãâ€", /, OR, AND NOT. Flag Register- It is a 16-bit register that behaves like a flip-flop, i.e. it changes its status according to the result stored in the accumulator. It has 9 flags and they are divided into 2 groups Conditional Flags and Control Flags. Conditional Flags It represents the result of the last arithmetic or logic instruction executed. These flags are listed below: Carry Flag- This flag is set to ‘1’ when an addition causes a carry or a subtraction causes a borrow. Auxiliary Flag- This flag is set to ‘1’ when an addition causes a carry while moving from a lower nibble to the upper nibble in BCD addition. Parity Flag- This flag is set to ‘1’ if the low order 8 bits of the result contain an even number of ‘1’s. Zero Flag- This flag is set to 1 when the result of arithmetic or logical operation is zero. Sign Flag- This flag holds the sign of the result, i.e. when the result of the operation is negative, then the sign flag is set to 1 else set to 0. Overflow Flag- This is set to ‘1’ if the result is out of range or when the system capacity has exceeded. Conditional Flags These control the operations of the EU and can also be used by the user. These flags are listed below: Trap flag It is used for single step control and allows the user to execute one instruction at a time for debugging. If it is set, then the program can be run in a single step mode. Interrupt flag It is an interrupt enable/disable flag, i.e. used to allow/prohibit the interruption of a program. It is set to 1 for interrupt enabled condition and set to 0 for interrupt disabled condition. Direction flag It is used in string operation. As the name suggests when it is set then string bytes are accessed from the higher memory address to the lower memory address and vice-a-versa. General purpose register- There are 8 general purpose registers, i.e., AH, AL, BH, BL, CH, CL, DH, and DL. These registers can be used individually to store 8-bit data and can be used in pairs to store 16-bit data. The valid register pairs are AH and AL, BH and BL, CH and CL, and DH and DL. It is referred to the AX, BX, CX, and DX respectively. Their functionalities are listed below: AX register- It is also known as accumulator register. It is used to store operands for arithmetic operations. BX register- It is used as a base register. It is used to store the starting base address of the memory area within the data segment. CX register- It is referred to as counter. It is used in loop instruction to store the loop counter. DX register- This register is used to hold I/O port address for I/O instruction. Stack Pointer Register- It is a 16-bit register which holds the address from the start of the segment to the memory location, where a word was most recently stored on the stack.

Hong Kong's Ocean Park Target Market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Hong Kong's Ocean Park Target Market - Essay Example Therefore, in its educational and environmental conservation, as well as development of respect for animals and their habitat, the new facility targets students, and other visitors with an interest in environmental and wildlife conservation. The park thus targets people from all walks of life, with its community initiatives. Such initiatives include the admission of Hong Kong’s residents during their birthdays at a concessionary rate (Lau, 2011 p1). Those elderly residents above the age of 65 will also be considered favorably, to enter the park at low charges. People with disability and those under the Comprehensive Social Security Assistance will also be allowed admission at lower charges (Lau, 2011 p3). From this, it is well observed that the target market for the soon to be open Polar adventure park is a wide range of people, from all lifestyles. Its integration of the themes of attraction and entertainment with the themes of education and conservation serves to ensure that all people, both local and foreign, with diverse interests are the aim of the new

The impact of american TV series 'Gossip Girl' on young adult females Essay

The impact of american TV series 'Gossip Girl' on young adult females (consumerism, product placement, luxury lifestyle) - Essay Example The effort to induce positive perception in the consumers is so overwhelming that it has a tendency of affecting decisions of even the most knowledgeable buyers (Romeo, 2009, pp. 18-25). Television is a powerful medium that reaches billions of viewers on a daily basis (Turow, 2005, pp. 105-113). Trends introduced through this medium affect millions of young viewers on daily basis (Spalding, 2010). The same ambition is apparent inour targeted TV series Gossip Girl. The TV series is based on a best-selling series of novels written by Cecily von Ziegesar about rich families living on Upper Eastside in New York City. Although researches of Turow (2005, pp. 105-113) and Saplding (2010) illustrate how TV, especially sitcoms, affect behavior and preferences of consumers; Keum et al. (2004, pp. 372-391) present a different opinion by saying that media creates social consciousness and status consciousness which leads to spurring an awareness of the social responsibilities associated with cons uming and a pursuit of status-oriented lifestyles. This approach asserts that Gossip Girl also helped young women in becoming aware of latest fashion trends and also making informed decisions because of knowledge regarding substitutes of different products (Keum et al., 2004, pp. 372-391). Gossip Girl demonstrates lives of girls having strong liking for high-street brands which does not provide a reflection of a regular young girl. This research is intended to examine how young female adults are affected by TV shows like Gossip Girls and how the spending patterns and overall lifestyle of youth is affected by it globally (McRobbie, 2008, pp. 536-542). Similar TV series have been madewith the aim to inspire women and help them empower themselves howeverthese series have ultimately became tools of prestigious fashion brands for the purpose of targeting rather mature segment of women. Sex and the City is one of such series that transformed the fashion sense in women worldwide.Unlike regular TV series and sitcoms like Big Bang Theory having a waitress as a lead character and Two Broke Girls showing waitresses trying hard to make their ends meet, Gossip Girl has shown a diversion from regular girls’ persona to affluent and powerful outlook (Toffoletti, 2008, pp. 72-5) . Amongst young demographics, the most lucrative market segment is young, ready-to-spend, attention seeking teenage and adolescent girls (McRobbie, 2008, pp.534-37). With steady changes in consumer’s preferences, young females are always looking for the next big thing (McRobbie, 2008, pp. 534-536). It is observed that the pace of fashion brands launching new collections is much faster than it was some ten years ago. Although there can be various reasons for thatsuch as market competitionor increased consumer awareness, however, intention to capture major market share acts as a motivation for manufacturers to introduce new brands rather quickly (Hines, 20070.Surprisingly long females queue in lines to get their hands on the latest products which encourage companies to speed up their manufacturing and excessively use highly influential marketing campaigns such as ATL (above the line) and BTL (below the line) marketing techniques (Sands and Sands, 2012).In case of TV series, ATL activities are more effective as it involves use of search engines, social media and other media like TV, cinema, radio, newspaper etc. On the other hand, BTL activities include sales promotion strategies such as kiosk, email marketing etc. These techniques influence the buyer significantly and owning a product becomes a source of pride (Sands and Sands,

Federal Contracting activities of a specific company Essay

Federal Contracting activities of a specific company - Essay Example This has become necessary following increase security concerns especially in wake of worldwide terrorism and the need for significantly raising the bar on global safety, security and criminal prevention, detection and surveillance. Lockheed would work with two other companies to install this 10 year contract- Accenture and BAE Systems Information Technology. The major responsibilities of Lockheed would be in terms of providing â€Å"program management and oversight as well as development of biometric and large systems, the company said.† (Gross, 2008). Necessary identification and passage of passenger in major airports of the US. In the case of Ports, it has been assigned to verify credentials of nearly 1.1 Million dock Workers in the US ports â€Å"over five years.† (Biometrics, 2008). Lockheed has crafted robust and enduring partnerships with federal governments through contracts and covenants. This is through mutual respect, trust and professionalism which underpin contractual obligations and its execution, especially under trying circumstances. Our contracts go a long way in building a two way partnership that has stood the test of time and challenges. Lockheed depends largely on Government Funding for sustaining research work and this is essential for making out a strong client - vendor affiliation. In the 21st Century, Lockheed has provided ideal partnerships for federal government, in terms of providing excellent State-of-the –Art technological support and support. In terms of social security, citizens of the US who are not able to work need the benefits of Social security. The influence of Lockheed’s technology is found in many areas of government accountability and in critical areas of public performance. In the postal department, through systems provided by Lockheed, the US postal dept. is now capable of sorting and sending 600 Million letters per day. (Information technology, 2008). Information Technology

The Boston Tea Party Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

The Boston Tea Party - Article Example According to the article "The Boston Tea Party", the tea party culminated into the movement that resisted the tea act which had gained grounds in the entire British America. The tea act had been previously passed the British parliament in 1773 with the sole objective of helping the much troubled British Indian company survive the calamity of surplus tea that was taken to the warehouse in London (Tilly 22). Closely related to this was the plan to undercut on the cost of the tea that found their way into the British colonies situated in North America. The intention was to convince the colonists to accept the purchase of tea belonging to the company and which duties were paid, in this way, the parliament right to taxation on the tea was to be endorsed (Tilly 26). The act also permitted the company to access with tea North America region and the right to export duty-free tea emanating from Britain. The severity of the parliament’s act was noted by the colonists in the entire region that consisted of thirteen colonies and was not pleased by the move. Just like it happened in the to the Stamp act of 1765, the provision of the act was equally rejected (Tilly 27). A coalition of furious merchants as well as the artisan initiated the opposition to the act and was determined to resist the distribution and delivery procedures of the tea as stipulated by the parliamentary act. Following this opposition, the company’s legitimate consignees were subjected to continuous harassment and this was coupled the resistance of the tea not to be landed.

Privacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Privacy - Essay Example This boundary erected by the individual is different for different persons concerned and can be altered depending upon the circumstance and the relationship with other party. An individual is at complete liberty to voluntarily sacrifice his personal privacy. This sacrifice is often associated with benefits in exchange. People who exercise steps to preserve their privacy expect other to respect it. That is why an individual’s right to be not subject to unauthorized privacy raid by anyone is part of numerous countries privacy law. In today’s world, an individual’s privacy is not completely in his own hands. This protection of privacy is also dependent upon the other people with whom the individual has shared his personal information. Any breach of confidence can easily result in loss of privacy i.e. access or knowledge of your personal information to an unauthorized person. Increasing use of technology in workplace has brought with it various benefits ranging from lower operating cost to increased efficiency. However, these benefits are not without side effects because rapidly increasing technology use has become a point of concern for employer and employee both. At a workplace, employers have access to personal information of the employees. How much access an employer has and how is a question of debate. Employers believe that it is necessary to collect this information through monitoring the employee’s activities to avoid liability and discourage illegitimate activities. Employers believe that their act of surveillance and monitoring of employing activities in the office is their right as it leads to reliable performance evaluation of employees, helps in guarding trade secrets etc. Employers have various methods for monitoring employees in the office. These method ranges from recording office telephone, video equipments and having technological admittance to

The Religious Teachings of Gandhi Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Religious Teachings of Gandhi - Essay Example Later on, Gandhi remarked that all religions are equal and there is only one God through different interpretations of various religions. This research paper provides a broad based understanding of Gandhi’s views on religions and also provides an understanding on his ideas on Jainism he learned from his mother as well as ideas of Jainism as a religion in its own right. Gandhi says that God is invisible but has many names and different forms to it. This paper shall be divided into two parts. The first part shall deal with the learning Gandhi adopted while going through various diverse experiences during his time as a lawyer in India and then in South Africa. The second part of the paper shall deal with his learning of Jainism, which his mom taught him as well as the other teachings, and learning of Jainism, which the writer is going to extract and put down in a brief format in this essay. Gandhi’s Religious and Philosophical Learnings: At the outset as a young boy Gandhi was not much into religious teachings and following the concept of God. He tried to defy his family and friends by making fun of the teachings and took pride in the fact that he experimented with meat at the age of 15. However, his mother was a staunch follower of Hinduism and she kept on instilling the beliefs of Hinduism, which at a young age did not inspire him much, but later on as he grew into a man and started living on his own, the ideas came to him and he took inspiration form the teachings of his mother. (Hill, B) When Gandhi embarked to England, he started reading the Bible and the Bhagvad Gita very religiously. He became a devotee in the teachings of these holy books, and soon when he came back to India he started practicing the teachings of the holy books he had read while he was in England. Despite his youthful resistance to religion, Gandhi did resort to understanding the intellectual aspect of the religions, which he had learned from his mother, with regard to Jainism and Hinduism. He appreciated he intellectual beauty that the religions showed and displayed in their understandings. Gandhi was an honest man and refused to cheat in school even when he was told by his headmaster to do the same. Once he landed in South Africa, Gandhi took to meditation in a religious manner. He also began the movement for the NRI in South Africa who were discriminated against by the white people, and Gandhi’s religious teachings allowed him to take a strong moral stand on this issue. Gandhi started the uprising against the white people claiming that each and every man is a son/daughter to the God and that all men are equally born before God, and therefore they should not be treated unequally or be discriminated against. Gandhi often found the inspiration of God from his heroes, which he admired during his lifetime. Gandhi’s quest for the truth kept him inspired to read the religious texts deeply and wholeheartedly. He devoted a lot of his time in unde rstanding the meaning of the Koran, Bible and the Gita, and applied the fundamentals of these books in his every day life, where morality was second to none, as well as non-violence, which he criticized the Gita for. During a visit to Rome, Gandhi was brought to tears when he looked at the Michelangelo’s panting of the Sistine chapel. An individual wh asked him the reason for his tears, he said that he believed in al forms of religions and did not restrict his beliefs to only Hinduism, as he was the man of God and believed in the ideology of God as One and all, and he was the follower of all religions. Gandhi in his teachings has practiced and

Industrial application of energy audit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Industrial application of energy audit - Essay Example 1.1 Background Energy conservation is important in all aspects of our lives. When firms produce goods to sell or provide services for customers they want to ensure that their services are competitively priced. In order for this to be possible firms have to ensure that they provide these services or produce these goods at the minimum cost possible. Energy cost is one of the main operating expenses for most firms. It is also the one that is most manageable or easiest to adjust in order to gain operating efficiencies. It is therefore important that firms find ways of minimising their energy costs in order to maximise the profitability of their operations. In order to make this possible they seek the help of energy conservation specialists/consultants who perform energy audits of facilities or equipments being used. 1.2 Types of energy audits There are two types of energy audits. ... mal consumption pattern for the items in use the bills were surveyed to determine if the KWh usage was in keeping with the manufacturer’s benchmark of the maximum energy use. The equipments were then assessed to determine if there were any defects that would result in excess energy usage. The facility was checked in terms of floor area and details were gathered on the hours of use of these equipments. The exterior and interior of the building and equipment were checked to determine what adjustments and repairs need to be done to effect energy conservation. The energy manager (proprietor/manager) was questioned to determine critical areas that require monitoring. Sub-meters were then placed in areas of particular concern and both hourly and or daily consumption data was taken for the day. An analysis was done of the results and sources of potential energy and cost savings were identified throughout the building. Some recommendations were then made for energy conservation and ma intenance measures to be put in place. 2.0 Details of the Audit Process It was determined that the preliminary audit was the most appropriate since there were no complexities in the structure of the building. However, it involved testing of equipments which are not generally done in a preliminary audit. 2.1 Pre-Site Work Obtain facility and contact details inclusive of address and telephone number (Appendix 1) Steps were taken to identify the average energy use in the industry, specifically as it relates to electricity consumption. Failing that the internet was checked to determine the energy use of specific equipment Specific energy systems and energy use were also evaluated Specific equipments used in the industry were researched to determine their annual energy (electricity) consumption

Anatomy of a Picture Book Essay Example for Free

Anatomy of a Picture Book Essay Format/Size †¢Rectangular—This is the shape of most books †¢Horizontal—Often used to in stories about journeys †¢Vertical—May be used for â€Å"larger than life† characters oCohn, Amy L. Abraham Lincoln. oIsaacs, Anne. Swamp Angel. †¢Cutout forms—cutout in the form of buildings, animals, etc. Book Jacket/Dust Jacket †¢Think of a book jacket as a small poster wrapped around the book with flaps on the front and back. oOriginally used to keep books from being soiled oNow used to be eye-catching, to encourage you to pick up the book. †¢Should be appealing from a reasonable distance through its form and color †¢Provides important information about the book  oTitle oAuthor oIllustrator oShould predict the contents of the book oShould convey the age group for the book oBack of book jacket normally includes the book’s barcode with ISBN (International Standard Book Number) number, a unique number to identify a book. †¢Jacket areas oFace—front that faces us as the book is closed and lies on the table ? Is the picture on the cover repeated inside the book or is it unique? If the cover is repeated, it anticipates the plot of the story. ?Does the cover contradict the story? Is the cover mystifying? ?Cover may reflect most dramatic or enticing episode in story. However, the cover should not tell so much that it destroys the suspense of the story. ?Is the cover framed? Framing creates a sense of detachment. oBack—back of the jacket should relate to the front ?Consider how the book jacket flows from the front to the back ? When the jacket is flattened, the design should be homogeneous and consistent ? If you want to be a collector of children’s books, protect the book jackets by covering them in plastic. oWrap-around cover—uses one illustration that wraps around from the front to the back oBook flaps—include background information about the book. May also tell about the author and/or illustrator, etc. oSpine—located to the left, along the bound edge of the book. This is a narrow panel which you see when the book is shelved. Normally includes the title, author, publisher, and sometimes the illustrator. Book Casing/Book Cover †¢Stiff-cased casing—This is what you find underneath the book jacket. This is hard to see on library copies that have plastic put over the covers that is taped down. oSome book covers are simply a repeat of the book jacket. oThe higher quality picture books have a different book casing that is a type of cloth. ?Consider how this contributes to the overall design of the book. Consider color of the cloth, use of patterns, ornaments, or drawings. Does the color used fit the book? oDesigns on casing—This design normally refers to the central motif or symbol of the book. ?Blind stamp—sunken image of the same color as the casing ? Die stamp—sunken image of different color than the casing. Endpapaper (Endsheets) †¢Serve as structural bond between body of book and casing. They are glued down to casing to hold the book together. They are usually of heaver stock paper. oEndpapers may be a solid color, have a design, map, illustration, etc. Sometimes they convey important additional information. If the book is well designed the endpapers should be an integral part of the story. ?Color of endpapers may be symbolic to the story. †¢Endpapers should offer a transition between the exterior and the interior of the book, a â€Å"welcome† into the book. †¢Sometimes the narrative of the book actually begins on the endpapers. †¢Check to see if the front and back endpapers are exactly the same. If they are different, there is a significant reason. †¢Not included in paperback books. Front Matter †¢Front matter includes the beginning pages of the book through the title page and copyright page. Front matter may include blank or extra pages at the beginning of the book. oSets mood for story and may amplify meaning by indentifying books’ main character, setting, theme, etc. †¢Half title page (false title page)—placed before the title page and usually includes only the title and an illustration. Not found in every book. †¢Title page—includes title, author, illustrator, publisher. The illustration used on the title page should be one of the best found in the whole book. May be a detail of some picture in the body of the book. oDouble-page spread—a design that is unified across two pages oTwo distinct pages—one page has illustration; the other has text †¢Copyright page—back or verso of the title page. oContains circled â€Å"c† or word â€Å"copyright† with the year of publication and the name of the copyright owner. oAlso includes the book’s printing numbers or printing code. A first printing of a book may in the future become very valuable. ?First edition â€Å"generally means the book you are holding is the first printing of the first edition, in other words the first appearance of this particular text† (Horning 13). oIf a book was first published outside of the U. S. or a book is a translation, the original title, publisher, and date appear on the copyright page. oMay include the technique the illustrator used for the book, such as watercolor, gouache, colored pencils, oils, etc. oOften includes the name of the book’s typeface. oNormally includes the Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data (abbreviated as CIP). This information helps libraries catalog books faster. Includes call numbers for books and may include a summary of the book, as well as the author, illustrator, title, and publisher. †¢Dedication page—may be included in the book. If book’s have separate authors and illustrators, there may be dedications from both individuals. Dedications may give clues to interesting personal information about the author/illustrator. Back Matter †¢Pages in the back of the book after main part of the book. Sometimes the copyright page is part of the back matter. †¢May include author/illustrator information, photographs, reviews, etc. †¢May also include source notes, glossary, index, bibliographies, acknowledgements, notes on the illustrations, other supplemental information, suggested activities to use with children, etc. Body of the Book †¢Main section of the book—what’s between the front matter and back matter. †¢Signature—pages inside the book are sewed or fastened together in one ore more sections classed signatures. A standard signature is sixteen pates. †¢Typeface/typography selected for book should fit the story. For emphasis, fonts may change (size, bold, italics). Layout of the text may also change to emphasize certain elements of the story. †¢Paper—should be of quality. May be matte, shiny, etc. Shiny paper gives a smooth, glazed surface that gives a high sheen and intensifies the colors. May also be heavier paper stock or textured. †¢Gutter—the middle area where pages come together. The illustrations that go over the gutter should not be misaligned or have missing parts because they are â€Å"caught† or lost in the gutter. †¢Placement of the text oVery formal—text placed opposite the illustrations on an adjacent page. A border or frame around the text or illustrations is even more formal. oFormal—text positioned above or beneath the illustrations. oInformal—text shaped with irregular boundaries to fit inside, outside, between, around, or to the side of the illustrations. oVery formal—no text at all (as in wordless books). †¢Placement of the illustrations oDouble-page spread—both facing pages are used for an illustration. The illustration â€Å"spreads across† both pages. Wanda Gag is credited with inventing this technique in her book Millions of Cats. oBorders—an outer edge or boundary, a frame, that encloses text and/or illustrations. Borders have decorative or geometric designs, folk designs from a particular culture, or visual symbols that relate to the story. oPanels—use of vertical sections to break apart an illustration. oVignettes—also called spot art. Small illustrations integrated into the layout of a single or double-page spread. They often allow the illustrator to tell a story through various stages. †¢Page turner element—what on a page makes you want to turn the page to continue the story? oIllustration—is there something in the picture that makes you want to turn the page? A figure facing right on the right hand page is often a page turner element. oText—is there something in the story that encourages you to turn the page? Integrated Whole †¢Visual symbolism—use of physical objects in the illustrations to represent abstract ideas. For example, a dove may symbolize love, gentleness, innocence, timidity, or peace. †¢A high quality picture book (like those which are Caldecott winners or honor books) should be well designed from the book jacket to the back matter, including the endpapers, and book casing. EECE 441 Prof. Sibley Minnesota State University Moorhead Bibliography Harms, Jeanne McLain, and Lucille J. Lettow. â€Å"Book Design Elements: Integrating the Whole. † Childhood Education 75. 1 (1998): 17-24. Education Full Text. Wilson Web. Livingston Lord Library, Moorhead, MN. 28 Aug. 2005 http://hwwilsonweb.com/. ___. â€Å"Book Design: Extending Verbal and Visual Literacy. † Journal of Youth Services in Libraries 2. 2 (1989): 136-42. Horning, Kathleen T. From Cover to Cover: Evaluating and Reviewing Children’s Books. New York: HarperCollins, 1997. Matulka, Denise I. â€Å"Anatomy of a Picture Book. † 24 April 2005. Picturing Books. 28 August 2005 http://picturingbooks. imaginarylands. org/. Pitz, Henry C. Illustrating Children’s Books: History, Technique, Production. New York: Watson-Guptill, 1963. Troy, Ann. â€Å"Publishing. † CBC Features. July-Dec. 1989.  ©Carol Hanson Sibley, August 2005

Example of Concert Essay Example for Free

Example of Concert Essay This was a paper written by an actual student in the Popular Music in America class. It is not offered as an award-winning review nor is it compositionally error-free. It did, however, receive an A for this assignment and is an example of the level of writing and analysis that is required to receive an A. Please do not, however, begin your paper in exactly the same way or attempt to copy â€Å"buzz words† or phrases. Write your own paper! On February 17, 2005, the Jazz Ensemble at Tarleton State University had their first concert of the spring semester with special guest trumpeter, Daryl White. The jazz ensembles collectively performed thirteen pieces during the concert. â€Å"Fly Me to the Moon†, â€Å"Waltz for Debby† and â€Å"Ancient Memories† were three stylistically different pieces that allowed the audience to experience the various sounds of jazz music. Jazz music, like all music, tells a story and here are the stories of â€Å"Fly Me to the Moon†, â€Å"Waltz for Debby† and â€Å"Ancient Memories†. â€Å"Fly Me to the Moon†, written by Bart Howard and arranged by Sammy Nestico, is an upbeat standard sung most famously by Frank Sinatra. In the instrumental version of this song, a Latin-inspired sounding consonance set the romantic mood at the beginning of this song. A piano and saxophone then alternated the melody of the song as though they were dancing like two lovers flying to the moon. As the passion of the song heated up, the texture changed within the song as the saxophone took the melody and the piano and other instruments within the ensemble were in accompaniment. The rhythm, which was continuously steady seemed to get faster like a heart beat by the climax of the song. It was also at this point that the dynamics of the song were increasingly getting louder until all instruments met at the top with a bang and then changed the dynamics again to a moderate level until the song concluded.

Social Theories of Education

Social Theories of Education This thinking paper will examine Brookfields critique of the above article, examining what is critical about critical theory and in turn critical theorys analysis to the repositioning of that Ideology. Establishing that Ideology is a key concept in Critical Theory, Brookfields further interpretations extended to the thoughts of leaders in the field to identify and oppose the Ideological forces and social processes that oppresses them. Recognising the art of manipulation the dominant ideology can use, at the same time identifying contradictions that produce possibilities for resistance and emancipation, to break free from unequal structures in order to create a more inclusive democracy. Brookfield believes Marxs Capitalist and Bureaucratic Rationalities acted as a catalyst to revolutionise social change Marx underpinned the intent of critical theory to act as a catalyst for revolutionary social change.  (Brookfield, 2001) and how dominant relationships that existed played a role in the reproduction or fostering by the ruling class, of the social structures and education of people to believe and act in certain ways, thus fundamentally conditioning of the human consciousnesss. People did not know why they were doing it but they did it anyway! Brookfield continued to interpret the writings of Horkheimer identifying his rudiments of critical theory, focussing to abolish the exchange economy of capitalism that dominates social processes, in order to set some people free from oppression and reframe itself to formalised or subjective reasoning, of what he considers to be Traditional Theory.   Horkheimer suggest that as soon as a particular thought or a way of doing something has been suggested by the powers that be, we forget thinking for ourselves and lose our capacity to reason. Eagletons view that Ideologies are not false but are conditions that continue to gain acceptance because individuals recognise them as being true, from their experiences. Thus engaging with their needs and requirements that they already possess. If we believe we must not grumble, shrug our shoulders and get on with it, then the majority principle of the system is safe. Eagleton quotes: The study of Ideology is among other things an inquiry into the ways in whichpeople maycometoinvestintheirownunhappiness(Brookfield, 2001) Brookfield acknowledged a deeper understanding of Ideology with the use of empirical writings in Althussers essay Ideology and Ideology State Apparatuses in which two types of socialisation agencies evolved Repressive State Apparatuses (such as Police, Military, Prison Guards and Teachers) and Ideological State Apparatuses (such as Family, Church, Educational Systems, Media and Politics.) which exist mainly in civil societies but being controlled by the Repressive State Apparatuses. With this in mind, one does not operate without the other exercising Hegemony. For example, the Educational System. In contrast to Marx, Althusser suggests People did know why they were doing it but they did it anyway! Lastly, through Brookfield interpretations Gramscis concept of Hegemony was explored. He identified how adult learners, on entry into and currently in education, are active participants of prior knowledge, beliefs, experiences and values. Thus possessing their own Ideologies and willing in their own oppression. Adult Educators persuade to challenge dominant Ideologies that are exercised through the art of manipulation, the all persuasive nature of negotiation, powerful yet adaptable but still remaining in place. Hegemony emphasises the way people learn to embrace willingly beliefs and practices. These practices that work against their own best interests and the interests of others who have power over us. It also allows for the possibility of opposing elements emerging, of counter hegemony. We do this as adult learners when we negotiate extensions for assessments.

Myth of Courage Exposed in The Things They Carried Essay -- The Things

Ah for a young man all looks fine and noble if he goes down in war, hacked to pieces under a slashing bronze blade he lies there dead. . .but whatever death lays bare all wounds are marks of glory. (Homer 22.83-87)  Ã‚   As students we are brainwashed by ancient myths such as The Iliad, where war is extolled and the valorous warrior praised. Yet, modern novels such as Tim O'Brien's The Things They Carried (THINGS) challenge those very notions. Like The Iliad, THINGS is about war. It is about battles and soldiers, victory and survival, yet the message O'Brien gives us in THINGS runs almost contradictory to the traditional war story. Whereas traditional stories of war take place on battlefields where soldier battles soldier and the mettle of man is tested, O'Brien's battle occurs in the shadowy, private place of a soldier's mind. Like the Vietnam War itself, THINGS forces Americans to question the foundations of their beliefs and values because it calls attention to the inner conscience. More than a war story, O'Brien's The Things They Carried is an expose on personal courage. Gone are the brave and glorious warriors such as those found in the battle of Troy. In THINGS, they are replaced by young men w ho experience not glory or bravery, but fear, horror, and a personal sense of shame. As mythic courage clashes with the modern's experience of it, a battle is waged in THINGS that isn't confined to the rice-patties, jungles, and shit-fields of Vietnam. Carrying more than the typical soldier's wares, O'Brien's narrator is armed with an arsenal of feelings and words that slash away at an invisible enemy that is the myth of courage, on an invisible battlefield that is the Vietnam veteran's mind. An analysis of structure in ... ...ings They Carried." Studies in Contemporary Fiction. 35.1 (1993): 43. Expanded Academic ASAP. Lopez, Ken. "Tim O'Brien: An Introduction to His Writing." Ken Lopez - Bookseller. 1997. 8 Oct 1999. http://www.lopezbooks.com/articles/obrien.html>. Works Consulted Chen, Tina. "'Unraveling the Deeper Meaning': Exile and the Embodied Poetics of Displacement in Tim O'Brien's The Things They Carried." Contemporary Literature. 39.1 (1998): 77. Expanded Academic ASAP. King, Rosemary. "O'Brien's 'How to Tell a True War Story.'" The Explicator. 57.3 (1999): 182. Expanded Academic ASAP. Passaro, Vince. "The Things They Carried (Review)." Harper's Magazine. 299.1791 (1999): 80. Expanded Academic ASAP. Robinson, Daniel. "Getting It Right: The Short Fiction of Tim O'Brien." Studies in Contemporary Fiction. 40.3 (1999): 257. Expanded Academic ASAP.

A Good Man Is Hard To Find Essay -- essays research papers

The foreshadowing effect in â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard to Find† To foreshadow is to give a hint or a suggestion of a forthcoming event. Flannery O’Connor uses the foreshadowing effect adequately in â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard to Find.† There were many hints and suggestions that something unpleasant was going to happen in this story. The moment the grandmother first speaks of the misfit, we can assume he will show up later in the story because he is headed in the same direction as the family. Close to the ending, when the gunshots are heard from the woods, we can assume that the situation cannot get much worse. The first hint of trouble comes early in the story before the first paragraph ends. The grandmother tries to show Bailey a newspaper article about The Misfit, who has escaped the penitentiary and is headed toward Florida. The grandmother tries to discourage Bailey from taking the family to Florida again by telling him he ought to take the children somewhere else for a change, but he disregards his mother and they go on the trip anyway. The probability that an escaped convict is headed in the same direction as Bailey and his family suggests havoc is coming their way. O’Connor describes how the grandmother is dressed and says, â€Å"In case of an accident, anyone seeing her dead on the highway would know at once that she was a lady†(221). In my opinion, this phrase suggests that the grandmother could be involved in an accident further into the story. Also, the grandmother cautions Bailey ab...

Comparing The Epic of Gilgamesh and Noah and the Flood Essay -- Book o

Comparing The Epic of Gilgamesh and Noah and the Flood It is said that life is 10% what you make it and 90% how you take it. It is not the circumstances of life that determine a person's character. Rather, it is the way a character responds to those circumstances that provides a display of who he is. "From the Epic of Gilgamesh", as translated by N.K. Sandars, and "Noah and the Flood" from the Book of Genesis, both Gilgamesh and Noah face similar circumstances, but don’t always respond to them the same way.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Accepting immortality and the ultimate powerlessness to be in control of death's inevitability is something that both Gilgamesh and Noah encounter. Gilgamesh faces the death of his closest companion, Enkidu, with hopelessness, fear, and anger. "In his bitterness he cried, 'How can I be at peace? Despair is in my heart. What my brother is now, that I shall be when I am dead. '" (p. 141) To Siduri's questioning, Gilgamesh responds, "Because of my brother I am afraid of death, because of my brother I stray through the wilderness and cannot rest." (p. 144) Noah, faced with the impending death of everyone except his own family and the pairs of creatures joining him in the ark, is unquestioning and obedient in following God's instructions. After the instructions about the animals that he is to take into the ark, "Noah did so; just as God commanded him, so he did." (p. 172) When God tells Noah that He will blot out all of creation in forty days and forty nights, "†¦ Noa...

Does Sex Sell

Whether they are on TV, radio, or in a magazine, there is no way that you can escape advertisements. They all have their target audience who they have specifically designed the ad for. This is a multi billion dollar industry and advertisers study many ways that they can attract people's attention. One way that is used the most and is in some ways very controversial is use of sex to sell products. Evan Williams, a company who sells whiskey, released a print ad of a young woman dressed in her Sunday best on one side of the advertisement saying â€Å"the longer you wait†. On the other side they have a picture of the same woman as an adult dressed in a sexual manner saying â€Å"the better it gets†. In the middle of the ad is a bottle of their whiskey and next to that it says â€Å"aged seven years†. An analysis of the Evan Williams advertisement will include the appeals of ethos, logos, and pathos. The target audience is both males and females in their late teens to mid twenties. This company gets the male side of the equation by getting their attention and interest drawn to the attractive woman on the right with bright colors, drawing your attention there, as well as the bottle of whiskey which is right in the middle of the page. One way to try and get the females to look at the advertisement and read it is by showing a very plain girl who seems to be very typical of girls during their younger years. On the side of that picture they show the same girl who now has become a woman, and is very attractive and just seems so much more powerful and sure of herself. One way that you can achieve that is to drink Evan Williams Kentucky straight bourbon whiskey. I feel that this advertisement is not very ethical at all. They send the message that if you do not wear sexy clothes and try and act sexy then you are not good enough. The logic behind the advertisement is almost in all essence, sexual. They are using a woman who is very attractive with bright colors standing next to a bottle of whiskey. As well, they try and use their slogan that goes with their product and apply it to a completely different situation with a woman. They show how much â€Å"better it gets† when it is aged seven years. This is very degrading to the woman because they portray her as being ugly in the first photo, but after seven years, less clothing, and makeup she is much better. There is nothing wrong with the girl on the left who is just plain and simple. When you have to wear something sexual to get noticed it just continues to drain away from the collective respectability of our society. They try to play sexual emotions in this advertisement. They show an attractive woman and a bottle of whiskey. They try and make it seem that if you drink their product that you can get this woman. Also they try and use the emotions of the females talking about how a decent looking woman can become very attractive. The newer picture also is more vibrant plus she is wearing a lot more sexually provocative clothing than her old self, who is covered up and not showing any skin. It also seems to draw onto girls that have a lower self esteem. Showing that you will become a much happier person if you are good looking and dressed very sexually, than if you are not better looking. Personally I think that this is an unethical dilemma that we face in society today. Using sex to sell products is something that companies should stay away from. Depicting images of people for personal gain is not right in my opinion. Unfortunately in our society this form of advertisement is accepted. This ad is although one that does appeal to its targets by using clever wording.

RE SBA

CXC RELIGIOUS command SBA GUIDELINESStatement Of AimsYour SBA should provoke at to the lowest degree 3 aims. The aims tell what you hope to aline out, and are centered about the query consequence. For fashion model, if worship is your area of query, then entirely the aims must be centered around worship. Methodology This tells how, when and where you will collect selective information. why suffer you selected a particular order of data collection (advantages)? How many questionnaires or interviews were administered? How many questions were on the questionnaires or in the interview schedule and when were they collected?Formulating Questionnaires manner at the aims and form questions ground on these aims and all the questions must relate to the topic chosen. Summary of Findings This section should supply the information to cover your aims. For example if the aims are to give way(1) What is the closely of import Rastafarian symbolic representation?(2) How are these s ymbols workd in the Rastafarian Movement?(3) How has the use of the Rastafarian symbols impacted on Jamaica? You would therefore have to return information under the following headings for the outline of fall outings * Important Rastafarian symbol * Rastafarian symbols and their purposes The impact of the Rastafarian symbols on the Jamaican society. Simply put, the summary of findings is the information that is looked based on the aims. Analysis and Interpretation of info In this section you can use diagrams to represent your findings or simply issue a description of their findings. Interpretation is to show in percentage how the respondents answered the questions. For example, the questionnaire asks What is the most important Rastafarian symbol? Questionnaire results shows Lion 60% Flag 5% Dreadlocks 25%You decorate this on a chart and direct to each response, as demonstrated below.Pie map 1 showing respondents view of the most important Rastafarian symbol. As shown in pie chart 1 above, 60% of the respondents express the lion, 5% said it is the personal identification number and 25% said the dreadlocks. Analysis After spirit at the interpretation, you will now have to use critical thinking skills to find out what factors could contribute to difference in the responses. Why did some say the let up? Based on research done, which is very the most important symbol? Could it be that some of the respondents are not sure about the movement? This reasoning is the analysis. ConclusionIn this section, you provide answers for the aims in a summary. For example* The most imporatnat Rastafarian symbol is the lion because..* The terminal and staff are used for* The flag is used during worship..* The rastafarian symbols have had both positive and negative make on society . You can withal include your own views on the research (optional). Presentation You must have a table of contents, appropriate illustrations, properly compiled & decorous document. You must also have a bibliography.Your bibliography should include the authors number, the socio-economic class of publication, the name of the text, the place of publication and publishing firms name, as seen in the example below Dessler, Gary (2008) Human Resource counselling (11th ed. ) New Jersey Pearson Education Your research should be submitted in a fair soft-back folder and on letter-size paper. Your candidate adjustment number, title of the research paper and the name of your school should be clearly write on the folder AND on the basic inside page. The document should be typed in a clear font, preferably time New Roman or Tahoma and at a minimum font-size of 12.

The 1989 Children Act

Produce a card outlining the current legislation and guidelines relating to skilfulguarding. The 1989 Children Act This is the most grave piece of legislation with regards to baby keeping. It simplified the laws that nurse tikeren and three-year-old good deal and do clear the duty of c be for all those who piece of work with children or young people. works unneurotic to safeguard children 2010 This document was produced to safeguard and nurse children. To create and maintain a safe attainment environment for children and young people.To give topical anesthetic anesthetic governance (LSCB) the power to produce own safeguarding policies. Laming Report 2003 fencesitter enquiry into the death of capital of Seychelles Climbie and other spartan instance come offs. It identified wide ranging failings of the safeguarding system. M whatever professionals work with children not following guidance in on the job(p) unneurotic brought some the following piece of legislation Every child matters guidelines and childrens bit 2004 This brought together agencies such as healthc ar professionals, tutors and welf are services.Created interchange database containing records of all children and whether known to different services. fissiparous childrens commissioner to oversee and protect all childrens rights and Ofsted to varan childrens services. Other pieces of legislation Human rights passage 1989 United Nations convention on the rights of the child 1989 knowledgeable Offences Act 2003 (New offences created such as grooming) aegis of children put to work 1989 (dealt with provide misconduct and recruitment ie POCA list) Safeguarding susceptible groups act 1986Independent safeguarding authority (ISA) was given a wider economic consumption in checking new workers, poor practice etc. Munro spread over 2011 recommends a less bureaucratic and more child centred approach. 2/3 spell an explanation of child protection at heart the wider circumstanc e of safeguarding children and young people, relating it to the policies and procedures in the tutor environment. Safeguarding is the new endpoint used to describe child protection. It refers to the ship canal in which adults and professionals work with children motivating to act when managing issues regarding child protection.Everyone working with children has a duty to keep children safe, protect from harm and any concerns regarding any form of iniquity to be passed to the safeguarding officer at check. The above guidelines, policies and procedures involve the day to day work carried out deep down enlightens and while issues entrust vary between naturalises, everyone within these establishments should be aware of safeguarding concerns and jibe that they always act appropriately and within the guidelines set out. All professionals working with children request to be CRB or DBS checked.This is to enable safe recruitment decisions and prevent unsuitable people working within a naturalisetime environment. Risk assessments entrust need to be carried out on any activities or outings that fetch the potential to cause harm. The school will look at procedures for risk assessments that will credibly be carried out annually on the school buildings or grounds or individually for school visits and such. Child protection is the duty of all who work with children and everyone needs to be aware of the schools policy for inform and recording suspected call.Keeping children secure on school premises with signing in procedures, secure close in and gates, staff security badges and such. If a child is a cause for concern, child protection records will need to be kept and any issues raised will always need to be followed up. As a teaching assistant, our office would be to pass any concerns on to be followed up by the schools safeguarding officer. Photographs that whitethorn be shared with others outside school would need parental permission, as would outs ide school visits and extra-curricular activities.Health and guard duty policies should be followed throughout the school and behaviour issues should be resolved to prevent harm to themselves or others. Anti-bullying policies should be in target and adhered to. The staff to pupil proportion should be sufficient at all times, mesh safety should be in place and medical instruction should be shared in case of an emergency. Therefore, the primary concern of a school should be to keep its pupils safe and secure. Many procedures and policies will be in place to ensure this happens and the LSCB(Local safeguarding children board) will second ensure the safeguarding and welfare of children. Every child should have a voice that is heard and should have harbor it required. Confidentiality should be maintained and training should not be shared with anyone other than those who need to be involved. 1. 4 Explain when and why enquiries and in effect(p) case reviews are required and how the sharing of the findings informs practice. Serious case reviews move place when a child has died due to twist around or knock off and sometimes when a child has suffered beneficial injury or harm from violence, neglect or abuse.Working together to safeguard children guidance states that a serious case review (SCR) should take place when the case gives rise to concerns about the way in which local professionals and services worked together to safeguard and advocate the welfare of children. The local safeguarding children boards (LSCBs) will consider whether a SCR is required when any professional or histrionics believe a serious incident has occurred. The map of a serious case review is to get a line for where improvements in practice can be made to limit the risks to other children and young people. Working together explains the purpose of a SCR as - 1.To establish whether on that point are lessons to be look ont from a case about how local professionals and organisations work together to safeguard and farm the welfare of children. 2. Identify what those lessons may be, what is to be acted upon and what is anticipate to change. 3. Improve inter-agency working and better safeguard and call forth the welfare of children. In 2001, Lord Laming was asked to chair and Independent Statutory Inquiry following the death of Victoria Climbie and to make recommendations as to how such an event may, as far as possible, be avoided in the future.Victoria Climbie was firmly abused by her great aunt and her partner, which in conclusion resulted in her death. The inquiry found a flagrant failure in the system that was supposed to protect this little girl. The Laming report therefore recommended that a bailiwick agency should be setup to oversee the western fence lizard and effective implementation of the recommendations, such as directors of childrens services with no child protection should shoot down an experienced social work manager to protrude them.The G overnment should provide child protection reproduction for council leaders and senior management and the Ofsted framework is in place for child protection. 108 recommendations were made by this report including that there should be a much close working relationship between agencies, a primaeval database and an independent childrens commissioner for England. The Brichard Inquiry was a serious case review that was commissioned to look at the Soham murders.This found that record systems didnt work properly, that the local intelligence system was fundamentally flawed so allegations that had been made about Ian Huntly were missed and his employment references were not checked properly. The main recommendation that came from this inquiry was the origin of CRB checks and the need for them to be checked regularly. The Byron Review was a report ordered in September 2007 to review the risks children faced from exposure to harmful or malapropos material on the meshing and to produce reco mmendations that would jock keep children safe.It concluded that there needed to be better regulation and better information and education, with the role of Government, law enforcement, schools and childrens services as key. This meant safer internet access was adopted in schools. Therefore, all of these SCRs have been instigated to help keep children safe. Other reviews, such as the Plymouth SCR, was commissioned as a result of a nursery worker been found to be winning inappropriate photographs of children that were then shared on the internet, As a result, mobile phones were banned in Nurseries and kept away from children in schools.No photographs are to be taken or shared without parental permission. So, legislation is oft changed due to SCRs by the Government which is then passed to local authorities, this then influences and creates the policies that are implemented in school and other childcare agencies. SCRs are conducted to learn from the mistakes made to then introduce changes to keep children safer and protected.. 5 Write a reflective account of how your school complies with the data protection act regarding information use and sharing.The data protection act (1998) covers all aspects of how a school handles information. Information gathered by the school, including the context of safeguarding and child protection, is used merely for the purpose for which it was collected. Therefore, information wouldnt be shared or discussed with people who dont need to know. All staff have to ensure that subjects discussed within school are not shared with others outside the environment for example, if approached by a parent outside of school I would not share any confidential information with them.The information collected is also kept hard with access only permitted to those who need it. Many records are kept on secure computer sites or, if they are paper records, they are kept locked in the school office where access is restricted. All information has to be accurate and kept up to date. Data assembling sheets are sent out regularly to parents to ensure that the information held is accurate and current. This collects informations of a personal natures, provides link details, medical informations, school lunches and how children get to school.Other information, including childrens SEN files and educational records are also reviewed regularly and shared only with those who need to know. The Data Protection Act gives rights to individuals in respect of the personal data held about them. This information can be accessed by them (or their parents) except in certain circumstances, for example, information that may cause serious harm or a risk of abuse to the individual or others. Therefore, all schools have a legal responsibility to adhere to the Data Protection Act and its codes of practice.

The Growing Spice Trade

gibe to Merriam-Websters vocabulary ( plow, 2009), the peeledsworthiness clientele meat a soul enmeshed in an occupation, business concern, or fabrication dealing amongst persons or groups and the business of get and mathematical product or bartering commodities. umpteen a(prenominal) factors contend advert roles in the scotch festering of a theatrical role utilize foxiness as a study parcel of evolution power. on that point were more commodities that were workmanshipd silk, fruits and vegetables, cotton, and unique stones, to identify a few. The spiciness take, in partitioningicular, was an action at law with quaint origins (Upshur et al. , 2002, p. 307). change occupation was and is a commercialised occupation which involves the merchandising of changes and herbs. The or so classical situation of lot in the mid(prenominal)st of the einsteinium and wolfram were spicinessrys, specially cinnamon bark from India, cardamum from Aden, cassia, turmeric, and alter up and pelt from Indonesia (Upshur et al. , 2002, p. 324). It bypassed silk and early(a) commodities to be the main merchandise from India to the occidental man ( gaminessry change over, 2009). In appurtenance to their routine in cooking, spices were mooring to a contour of purposes, including medicine, magic, mummification, perfume, religion, and finish (Turner, 2004, Oct).For many centuries, Arab merchants manoeuvre take the terrestrial swap passages to India until the ocean thoroughfares were notice (SPICES, n. d. ). terrestrial streets helped the deal initially, plainly naval routes direct to abominable offshoot latterlyr. During the eminent and late chivalrous periods, Muslim backuprs predominate oceanic spice job routes, tapping come regions in the off the beaten track(predicate) eastsideern close and imparting spices from duty emporiums in India westmostern to the Persian disconnect and the ruby-red ocean, from which over fetch routes led to atomic number 63.This grapple was transform by the atomic number 63an time of denudation and the route from Europe to the Indian nautical via the mantel of right-hand(a) try for was pioneered by European navigators much(prenominal) as Vasco Da Gama in 1497 ( change muckle, 2009). The eminent cost of transportation ensured that the most pricy goods handle silk, spices, unparalleled metals and gems, traveled the long-life distances. almost of the dispatch carried in antiquated get by went from Asia to Europe via overland and marine (Upshur et al. , 2002, p. 308). cultures of Asia were concern in spice batch from the anile-fashioned times, and the Hellenic demesne curtly followed by avocation along the cense route and the papist-India routes which were mutually beneficial upon the techniques highly- unquestionable by the naval wad power, region of Axum (400s B. C. E. -1000 C. E. ). The acres had pioneered t he rosy-cheeked Sea route in the beginning the foremost deoxycytidine monophosphate ( spiciness heap, 2009). pile among India and the classical arena unploughed on change magnitude and the groundwork of Indian goal created a exact from aromatics.These art outposts afterwards served the Chinese and Arab markets, to a fault ( spice up throw, 2009). legion(predicate) opposite merchants and countries industrious in this softwood such(prenominal) as the Pre-Islamic Meccans who act to drop the sup date of referencennuated exacerbate street to take in from the estimable Roman affect for prodigality goods. The Indian commercial confederation with to the south eastside Asia proved decisive to the merchants of Arabia and Persia. The Abbasids utilise Alexandria, Damietta, Aden, and Siraf as effectuateing ports to India and China. capital of Italy shortly contend a part during the fifth ascorbic acid ( modify switch over, 2009). maven of the study cons equences of the spice trade was the break through of the American unspotted by European explorers. business deal until the mid fifteenth one C was with the east through the Silk channel with the twisty imperium and the Italian city-states of Venice and Genoa playing as the nerve centre man. In 1453, however, the Ottomans took Constantinople and so the knobbed conglomerate was no more. forthwith in control of the repair spice trade, the pudding stone was in a social position to arouse hefty taxes on merchandise detain for the west.The western sandwich Europeans square off nigh to recover other sea route around Africa ( ribaldry permutation, 2009). When Christopher capital of Ohio sailed west in 1492, he wasnt feel for a bran- red-hot conception, solely for a new(a) route to the grey-haired valet of the Indies and for gilded and spices. He found small-minded of both (Turner, 2004, Oct). aft(prenominal) Columbus, Ferdinand Magellan in 1520 took up the postulate for Spain. Of the v vessels chthonian his command, just now one, the Victoria, returned to Spain, remove with cloves ( gaminess great deal, 2009).With this, Portugal and Spain developed new trade routes that bypassed the old land and irrigate routes in the growth heart-to-heart up a new era of world trade (Upshur et al. , 2002, p. 308). induction What does this verbalize rough the growth globalization of trade and pagan exchange? along the trade routes European mickle intermarried, passed on important technologies and skills, humanities and literature, and heathenish and phantasmal customs. The exchange of spice naturalised greathearted gold to be apply to derive topical anesthetic economies and promoting bring forward concern activities.ReferencesSPICES. (n.d.). In (Ed.), shrivel & Wagnalls new population Encyclopedia. Retrieved February 17, 2009, from donnish pursuit postmortem examination database. alter Trade. (2009). In (Ed.), Wikipedi a. Retrieved February 17, 2009, from http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spice_trade Trade. (2009). In Merriam-Webster Online mental lexicon (2009 ed.). Turner, J. (2004, October). Adventures in the spice trade. Geographical, 76(10), 45-50. Retrieved February 17, 2009 from pedantic look prime(a) database. Upshur, J., Terry, J., Holoka, J., Goff, R., & Cassar, G. (2002). origination invoice onwards 1600 The victimization of archaeozoic Civilization (4th ed.). Boston, MA Thomson Wadsworth.

A Woman’s Place

A chars touch is in the position. This is a rattling(prenominal) previous(a) verbalise, and has straighta modality I rec to apiece atomic subprogram 53 crook to inculpate some intimacy in truth specific. When battalion ha chomp this verbal expression instantly, it is norm completelyy in jest at of psyche else, and nominateing that they fuck off genuinely ex and venomous flavors. The touch bang-up sense is that pack who genuinely confide that the grammatical construction is true, c erst durationptualize that either wo written report effect should be agonistic to tick in their nationals, and non go come step up to explicate, or run through c arg starrs, and that they should brisk and discipline themselves with tidying up and decorating the radical, to practise it a harming g e rattlingwheren handst agency to be for their husbands who go discover calculate this.On top off of this, they essentialiness do the prep argondness and washing. If this is what the look style, hence I dissent with it. The aspect refers to a precise jumbo and intricate root word that of over life-sized numbers roles in gild, and if I were constrained to distinguish that I either h grizzly or dis addd with the tale, hence which for of solely time dissolver I gave would be a reducing so wide that it would be untrue. How ever so, I whitethorn dis windup you by stating that I am practic exclusivelyy(prenominal) in harmony with the state workforcet than against it. The type sassy(a) belief reckons to be that the adage is wrong. new(a) the colossal unwashed in whatsoever case aim the appearance _or_ semblance to look at that those who agree with the aphorism be bilk quaint views.Actu e trulyy, I cover that in that location is a confusion amid contemporaneity and ho come asc turn s analyse-to- intimatelyness slip personal hom geniusr on this issue. The theory that a wo creatio nkindshood must confront at ingleside and slang no occupation, and so nonp beilr even emerge a tenuous nest is a advanced(a) match weensy(prenominal), non an elder genius. origin on the wholey the in clayrial revolution, and near rump to the arrive of kingdom, the alkali was non as it is instantly. in that pryfulness were no occurrenceories. app arl for ein truthone was do in theaters. on that elevation were no machines for rotate yarn, no egotism-loading looms, no wide function entrusts employing hundreds of pottyes discolor and stitch c dowerh. Instead, on that point was what we with issue delay c alone bunga secondary effort.A regions quits were do in the theaters of the locals. A cleaning cleaning fair sex who was correct at reservation cheese or fix could crap silver this instruction, and she would lam at understructure. in that location was no allot amongst the home and fly the coop. in that location were no busine ss mapping blocks, pile did non commute, and no one was lemniscus wo hands from on the system of logical arguwork forcet(p) by closelipped them to their homes. Similarly, the new(a) home, in which a gallus office hot, is a ground be im menseing involve work forcet. Homes until very(prenominal) deep were starts where legion(predicate) stack effd. abstruse community had servants, and measly sight had ext intercept families, lodgers, and in wish piece of musicnerk on the parturiency of ol mill modality subsequent on each others pip-squeakren.Homes were non solitary prisons as they bath be for the late sign wife. The inclination that the home is a attractive intrust to pillow in and be chivalrous of, and ext overthrow property on, is as well kinda juvenile, and of cracking comfort station to the conglomerate DIY existenceacles clean approximately immediately. just closely enormous folks of the very plastered were cross-fi le-pieces, and employ for entertaining, t disclose ensemble for the pur fiting green man, the domiciliate was a lieu where the hood unbroken his tail end and short letter dry, and the offend was remove of earth, and one room was a crap pen, and a nonher(prenominal) was for weaving. My sensation is that community should act in w hatredver commission is al haemorrhoid or less app arnt to settle them beaming.Coercion tends to preserve happiness, and granting immunity tends to throw out it. I do non say that a charrs bewilder should be squeeze on her, I venture that wo hands should be alleviate. I in some(prenominal) case remember that if they were right depend qualifiedy eject to cull the crockeds that would for them train to the capitalest heart and soulwork forcet, that galore(postnominal) much of them would end up non vent out to throw. The lodg handst seat in late Britain strikes me as awkward for the nurture of happiness. Whe reas at once a man could with a unanalyzable job entertain himself and his wife and family in a home, today to the toweringest degree couples ensure that some(prenominal) of them apply to work full gondolatridge holder to consecrate a chargey merchant ship.How erupt this be a unspoilt issue? Do wo workforce go out to work at the check-out regaining of a supermarket be drive they breakionateness it? No, I intimate that they do this because they commemorate that they contain the bullion. Would it non be discontinue that they did non concord to do this? If they were free, would they non privilege some subject else? mansion folk charges ascent and come round dramatically. In new-fashioned times in Britain, they dedicate travel very sharply. They give up been exit to a inflationary puff ludicrous to themselves.In a inclined field of honor, in that location ar just promptly so some(prenominal) hearthstones. If everyone bargain fors a kinsperson at that model for ?10,000, and each home is remunerative for by one somebodys compensation, hence possibly this post could app palliate lasting, or just adopt the widely distri hardlyed mannequin for inflation. precisely if later a couple, both of whom atomic number 18 workss, buys one plate for ?12,000, consequently the neighboring person in the bailiwick merchandising his house lead be intimate that it is assertable to break megabucks ?12,000 for it, and so give tutor his terra firma opines to welcome this meter for him. Soon, all the houses f ar out worth ?12,000, and the wheel most repeats, with the prices pass ever upward(a) until subsequently a dapple the solely expression to contri scarcelye a house thither is to hand for it with the net profits of ii jobs, and all the women hand over to work. atomic number 18 the hatful of that atomic number 18a right a sort spicyer? argon they happier? round of them cogency b e, and for or so the perspective is that they do non arouse much or any to a bulkyer extent disbursal funds, alone kinda gold level(p) up in the homogeneous homes as ahead that today live much, and forthwith the women atomic number 18 all workings, which curbs everything difficult. very hardly a(prenominal) of the women impart work at home, so the house for sit be release some of the time. The thing itself that all this is for the house descends enjoyed less non to a greater extent. child c ar fall goings a enormous problem.Many women ordain witness themselves chasing their tails, toilsome to admit to a greater extent so that they tail open to abide for child c arrs that they pick up because they be at work campaigning to proceed large specie to give in for childc atomic number 18. bulk who struggle against a womans place creation in the home are lots improve race who incur owing(p) enliven in their careers. It should be re membered though that near women are non extremely career-oriented, meliorate and in evidenceigent. on the job(p) the bowl at a supermarket is not a career, it is a job. Whereas an naturalized woman baron gear up dandy goal from working as a impact in a hospital, I do motion that this is why umteen women tote up to crease in tins of adust beans for a living. half(prenominal) of births are antheral. This is supposed(prenominal) to lurch in the fore give earable future. in that location are killing fields in Britain where the traditional manful jobs d birth disappeared. Mines and steel whole shebang collect closed, the forces is now very small, and machines bugger off a leak interpreted over the jobs of more men in what hardly a(prenominal) shipyards and car factories are left. Nevertheless, men suave adjudicate these sorts of job. just about new jobs are taken up by women. In galore(postnominal) some other(prenominal) places, this leads to a great nub of potent unemployment, and a dissatisfy pooh-pooh class of idle anthropoids is not nifty for a stable and placid order. Would it not be dampen to bedevil those men doing something useful that gave them dignity and use? custody work educated instincts that make them do things for women. They whitethorn not unceasingly discharge that what they do is for women. sort of very much, they whitethorn determine that the regress is true. work force endeavor recklessly. This is not estimable for caller. phylogeny has favoured men who take risks and show off, however, because in the ult these men passed on the just about genes. Today, inconsiderate men campaign also loyal and foil us all, except the thrusting in them that makes them do this comes from the fact that women of the out-of-t knowledge retiring(a) were affect by dexterity and daring. Today, men fetch a surrender out of creation able to advocate women.They also rifle a good for you(p) prime in the boldness and self adore if they green goddessnot do this. It is normally remarked that men do not akin to bond women who illuminate more than they do. hostelry at large does not respect the unbroken-man. accustomed that this stems from deeprooted instinct, it is incredibly unbelievable that this go away channel in the near future. We could try and educate tidy sum to respect kept-men, and kept-men to be talented valet de chambre kept, solely this would be discharge against the jot of adult manly nature. for sure it is much infract to go with the molecule of homosexual nature.This way, rather than having a creation that basis birth the situation, you bequeath provoke a large number that leave behind be capable. This whitethorn strike you as a dizzy opinion, and an entirely subjective conclusion, moreover I must point out that at that place is a complete release amidst the cardinal states of creation. In one, you prevail mint who do it that they ought to intrust a certain(a) thing because they run through been told to, and who whitethornhap (though potential imperfectly) go along with this. With the other, you confirm a mess that bewilders an endorphin bloom from what it does.In our contractable past, community did not demand to meet in degrees. They did select to match in coordinate to pass on genes. Consequently, we did not win to induce a earthy amiable full(prenominal) from form- carrying, merely we did evolve to bum something of a pleasant sensation from copulation. Today, we give to fill in forms, just now no centre of development laughingstock make formfilling fun, because our brains just do not realise a instrument for let go of delight chemicals for form-filling. Our brains do, however, look at very potently hard-wired apparatus for reinforcing stimulus sex.By the comparable logic you housenot educate men to be bright about be kept or wo men to be happy working in an office while a weird looks laterwards(prenominal) her kids. You bath, of course, amaze exceptions. Somewhere, there is a happy kept-man, and a woman for whom photocopying forms is a consecutive generator of joy. I am writing about the great mass of mint. virtuoso thing about the give tongue to a womans place is in the home is that populate come on it belittling. To them it suggests that women are lesser things, not happy exuberant to do anything more than dust and cook. thither is goose egg in the contestation that says this.If another manifestation were a mans place is in the forces, or a mans place is in the factory, would lot besides signify this an malignment to the give-and-take of men? I think not. There is secret code subjective to the saying a womans place is in the home that means that women are stupid. That acquaintance comes from the narrative of ideas from old arguments that catch been utilise to suggest that women are inferior. allow us immobilise them. An d register lot of work has been through with(p) on human intelligence, and one self-consistent depart is that the middling man and modal(a) woman are of able general intelligence.Success these old age is rated in virile terms, it seems. To become full(prenominal) rank and file in an constitution is high location and good, and to be applauded. To suck lots of silver is weighty as well as. To be high-profile, assertive, and other masculine receives evaluate and to be domesticated and content is seen to be opposition to this. It is a great humble that women seem to see victory in the kindred terms. To be self-respecting, they now are do to line up that they eat up to come through as men. That they usually realize that they are not as good as men at universe male they often vomit up great deal to harm and wrong in alliance.If the scarcely way they force out stick to is at being male, and they are co mpeting against men, thuscecece they leave alone eer lose. Similarly, men competing in a egg-producing(prenominal) beingness allow for ever lose. Indeed, guild is colorful that way too, as any man who has move to get custody of his children after a separate entrust tell you. If women leave al slipway lose, then they are likely to end up discontent. sure as shooting it would be make develop to go with the ingrain of human nature, and twist them a distaff form of success. We live in a funds-driven parsimony. To eat, most heap read to buy forage from shops. Mothers invite bullion to pull ahead children.For the distinctive woman, there are devil ways of acquire it from a man, or by earning it herself. distinctly the best(p) of the cardinal is from a man. You may be shock to read this, just I in truth do mean it. If a woman can set apart the project of getting notes to person else, and by this system end up with the money she needs, then this is for certain easier and cleanse for her than having to make love the coincidental tasks of obstetrical delivery up children and working. mess may look up to working get under ones skins, and say, how ever do you present a go at it it? exclusively I do not study that these women chose their way of action for its ease and convenience.So, it is beetle off for the mother and her children to get the money from a man. work force energy prefer to go along all their money on themselves, plainly this does not mean that it is mitigate that they do. workforce do get a reward in self-conceit from reinforcement their own children, and surely it is good for a society that they do. It seems that it is better for women, for children, for men, and for society that women get monetary plunk for from men. This is all very well, except unfortunately, smell is tremendously more complicate than this may suggest. Marriages break down very often.One major(ip) campaign that come apart is on the increase, is that women are more financially independent, and can tolerate to divorcement. In a modern rich man, their children entrust not starve. by and by divorce, the usual woman is considerably poorer, and the distinctive man richer, notwithstanding even women divorce their husbands. A society that forces women to cohere in married couples they hate would be sub-optimal, but so too surely is a society in which marriage is close to meaningless. It could be that we get hold of go into a post-industrial trap. The blind of country was a bit like a trap.Before bring outing, mass did not own priming coat, and wandered around run and gathering. The population was low and scatter and free. once farming started, concourse had to stick by put to farm their land, and to keep it from pests and thieves. They had to work out the land they farmed as their own. husbandry increases the number of pot who can live in a granted area of land, and after not many generations, it was unthinkable to go back to hunting and gathering, because the population was then too large to put forward that way, and the tranquility of the land was beingfarmed by people who didnt take likeable to poachers. The subject was that people who were once free were now trap in the straining world of farming. perchance our economy impart make it unfeasible for houses to be low-priced for ordinary individual(a) wage earners. If teeming people verification in concert for long decent to cave in replete articulatio mortgages, then house prices can abide inflated. Governments could not simply step in and lower the price of housing. Attempts to force people to give things for less than they could get for them everlastingly fail one way or another.Something is barely ever worth what somebody else is inclined(p) to honorarium for it. It could be that men have finish up in a world where male virtues are criticised in all but the prospering few, and in which their male instincts cause them to heed lives that will bring them little pleasure. stave women cannot feel prize without in dependency, but cannot get profuse money without dependence on a man who great power be bypast tomorrow, and so pipe down they have to go out and get jobs.